Mouth

Dental/Gum Disease, Mouth Sores and Halitosis

http://www.kjorl.org/m/journal/view.php?doi=10.3342/kjorl-hns.2011.54.6.403

1. Safety of low-concentration hypochlorous acid as a mouthwash and antibacterial effect on oral bacteria

Kim et al. (2011). "The Safety of Low Concentration Hypochlorous Acid as an Oral Gargle Solution and Its Anti-Microbial Effects."

Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 54(6): 403-407.

“The authors aimed to evaluate the safety of low concentration hypochlorous acid as an oral gargle solution. The authors treated oral mucosal epithelial cell with 3.5 ppm hypochlorous acid and evaluated cytotoxicity. For evaluation of efficacy, we performed oral gargle with normal saline, chlorhexidine and hypochlorous acid in 10 healthy volunteers. The throat cultures were performed before and after each gargling. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Aspergillus fumigatus, Rhizopus oryzae were evaluated semi-quantitatively. There was no cellular toxicity in MTT assay and the morphological changes were not observed. Both chlorhexidine and hypochlorous acid showed significant decrease of microbes (chlorhexidine: p=0.036, hypochlorous acid: p=0.031). There was no significant differences between them (p=0.217). Low concentration hypochlorous acid is safe for the oral mucosal epithelium and has antimicrobial efficacy similar to that of chlorhexidine”

2. Viability and Effects on Bacterial Proteins by Oral Rinses with Hypochlorous Acid as Active Ingredient

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26647939/

Castillo et al. (2015). "Viability and Effects on Bacterial Proteins by Oral Rinses with Hypochlorous

Acid as Active Ingredient." Braz Dent J 26(5): 519-524. “This study investigated the effect of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) rinses and chlorhexidine (CHX) on the bacterial viability of S. mutans, A. israelii, P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, E. corrodens, C. rectus, K. oxytoca, K. pneumoniae and E. cloacae. HOCl was more effective than CHX against P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, C. rectus and K. oxytoca (p=0.001). CHX and HOCl had similar efficacy against K. pneumoniae”